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External publications Welfare provision for hybrid self-employed persons

There is recurring public concern that hybrid self-employed may not be sufficiently socially protected due to the different social security systems for paid employees and the self-employed.

According to studies by Dr Rosemarie Kay and Dr Olivier Butkowski, however, this concern is largely unjustified because, on the one hand, hybrid self-employed are usually socially protected through their paid employment. Secondly, they often earn additional income. The article ‘Protecting against social risks: a particular challenge for hybrid workers?’ has been published in the journal ‘Deutsche Rentenversicherung’.

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